In the construction of genetically engineered mouse models, the plasmid is the most critical delivery vector. It is not only the delivery tool for introducing editing machinery into cells but also the key determinant of editing efficiency and stability. This article, starting from the practical needs of mouse model construction, systematically deconstructs the design logic and essential elements of plasmids.

April 11th each year is World Parkinson's Day. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease and one of the fastest-growing neurological diseases globally. The number of patients worldwide currently exceeds 6.2 million and is rising rapidly as the population ages. Research estimates that the number of patients could surpass 25.2 million by 2050.

April 2nd of each year is "World Autism Awareness Day," aiming to increase public understanding, acceptance, and support for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Autism is not a single disease but a collection of diverse neurodevelopmental conditions, referred to as a "spectrum." Its core features primarily manifest in differences in social communication, a potentially narrow range of interests, and repetitive patterns of behavior or thinking. According to relevant research reports, the prevalence of ASD among children aged 6-12 in China is approximately 0.7%.

In the "valley of death" of drug development, over 80% of preclinical candidate drugs fail in human trials, with "species differences" being a key factor in the inaccurate prediction of efficacy. How can we observe physiological and pharmacological responses in mice during the preclinical stage that are closer to those in humans? Humanized mice are the core technological platform for solving this challenge.

Principles of Gene Knock-in (KI) Technology The core of gene knock-in technology lies in utilizing the cell's own DNA repair mechanisms to achieve precise integration of exogenous genes or specific mutations.